{"id":5499,"date":"2024-12-23T16:54:28","date_gmt":"2024-12-23T12:54:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cari.az\/?p=5499"},"modified":"2024-12-23T16:54:29","modified_gmt":"2024-12-23T12:54:29","slug":"turkiy%c9%99-memarliginin-sah-eserleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cari.az\/?p=5499","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0\u015eAH \u018fS\u018fRL\u018fR\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 tarixi, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti v\u0259 irsi bax\u0131m\u0131ndan son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 z\u0259ngin bir diyard\u0131r. Qarda\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u0259scidl\u0259rinin \u00e7oxlu\u011fu il\u0259 diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kir. M\u0259scidl\u0259r yerli \u0259hali \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sad\u0259c\u0259, bir ibad\u0259t yeri deyil. D\u00fcnya tarixi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir irs olan bu m\u0259scidl\u0259r h\u0259m d\u0259 z\u0259ngin m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin imzas\u0131 v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck imperiyalar\u0131n qal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin, tarixinin z\u0259nginliyini m\u0259scidl\u0259ri ziyar\u0259t etm\u0259kl\u0259 g\u00f6rm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin d\u00fcnya memarl\u0131q tarixin\u0259 b\u0259x\u015f etdiyi m\u0259\u015fhur simalardan biri d\u0259 Memar Sinand\u0131r<\/strong>\u00a0v\u0259 buradak\u0131 m\u0259scidl\u0259rin bir \u00e7oxunun memar\u0131 m\u0259hz odur.\u00a0

Osmanl\u0131 memarl\u0131q s\u0259n\u0259tinin m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m y\u00fczilliyini t\u0259msil ed\u0259n Memar Sinan yar\u0131m \u0259sr \u0259rzind\u0259 m\u0259scid, bazar, k\u00f6rp\u00fc, karvansara kimi bir \u00e7ox abid\u0259l\u0259r yarad\u0131b. O, z\u0259lz\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rini bildiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn tikilil\u0259rd\u0259 bunu m\u00fctl\u0259q n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131rm\u0131\u015f.

Memar Sinan\u0131n estetik z\u00f6vq, b\u0259nz\u0259rsiz \u00fcsullar v\u0259 m\u00f6hk\u0259m t\u0259m\u0259ll\u0259r v\u0259 in\u015faat plan\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259rs\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 memarl\u0131q n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda S\u00fcleymaniyy\u0259 camisi, \u015eahzad\u0259 m\u0259scidi, S\u0259limiyy\u0259 m\u0259scidi, Drina k\u00f6rp\u00fcs\u00fc, Mostar k\u00f6rp\u00fcs\u00fc x\u00fcsusil\u0259 sevilir v\u0259 se\u00e7ilir.

Memar Sinan Osmanl\u0131 ordular\u0131n\u0131n Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259ri zaman\u0131 ke\u00e7ilm\u0259y\u0259n \u00e7aylar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00f6hk\u0259m k\u00f6rp\u00fcl\u0259rl\u0259 Sultan S\u00fcleyman\u0131n diqq\u0259tini c\u0259lb ed\u0259r\u0259k, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn ax\u0131r\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tin ba\u015f memar\u0131 olub.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u0259s Memar Sinan kim idi? Onun m\u0259\u015fhurlu\u011funun \u0259sl s\u0259b\u0259bi n\u0259 idi? D\u00fcnyada b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Memar Sinan q\u0259d\u0259r bina tik\u0259n, tarix\u0259 \u00f6z izini memarl\u0131q \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 h\u0259kk etdir\u0259n ikinci bir memar yoxdur.
Memar Sinan 1539-cu ild\u0259 s\u0259dr\u0259z\u0259m Ayaz Mehmed Pa\u015fa t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Osmanl\u0131 imperatorlu\u011funun ba\u015f memar\u0131 t\u0259yin edilib. Memar Sinan 1588-ci ild\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r v\u0259zif\u0259sind\u0259 qald\u0131 v\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 sultan\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6n\u0259mind\u0259 – I S\u00fcleyman (1520-66), II S\u0259lim (1566\u201374) v\u0259 III Murad (1574\u201395) d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u015fah \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini yaratd\u0131. Sinan \u00f6z xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 “Te\u1e95kiret\u00fc\u2019l-b\u00fcny\u0101n” adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 80 c\u00fcm\u0259 m\u0259scidi (b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259scid) v\u0259 400-d\u0259n \u00e7ox ki\u00e7ik m\u0259scidi daxil olmaqla 698 binan\u0131 layih\u0259l\u0259ndirdiyini bildirib. \u018fslind\u0259 o, imperator memarlar\u0131ndan ibar\u0259t qrupa r\u0259hb\u0259rlik edirdi v\u0259 tikil\u0259n binalar kollektiv i\u015f say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Sinan \u00f6z\u00fc sultan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn apar\u0131lan b\u00f6y\u00fck tikinti layih\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015ftirak edirdi. Bunlar \u018fdirn\u0259d\u0259ki \u015eahzad\u0259 k\u00fclliy\u0259si (1543\u201348), S\u00fcleymaniyy\u0259 m\u0259scidi (1548\u201359), Q\u0131rx\u00e7e\u015fme su i\u015fl\u0259ri (1561\u201365), Qanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman K\u00f6rp\u00fcs\u00fc (1565\u201367) v\u0259 S\u0259limiyy\u0259 m\u0259scidl\u0259ri (1568\u201374) idi. Bu tarixd\u0259n sonra o, III Murad\u0131n d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck tikinti i\u015fl\u0259ri aparmam\u0131\u015f, ya\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn i\u015fi ba\u015fqa memarlara h\u0259val\u0259 etmi\u015fdir.

M\u0259scidl\u0259r T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin s\u0259ma x\u0259ttin\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n he\u00e7 bir yerind\u0259 rast g\u0259linm\u0259y\u0259n unikal bir d\u0259rinlik v\u0259 xarakter \u0259lav\u0259 edir. M\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m minar\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 ayd\u0131n mavi s\u0259maya qar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6z\u0259 \u00e7arpan g\u00fcnb\u0259zl\u0259ri il\u0259, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck v\u0259 \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l m\u0259scidl\u0259rind\u0259n bir ne\u00e7\u0259si var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bursa Ulu M\u0259scidi<\/strong>

1396-1399-cu ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mperatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 tikilmi\u015f Bursa Ulu M\u0259scidi S\u0259lcuqlu memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan qaynaqlanan \u0259sl Osmanl\u0131 memarl\u0131q \u00fcslubunun ecazkar \u0259s\u0259ridir. Bu m\u0259scidin divarlar\u0131nda v\u0259 s\u00fctunlar\u0131nda h\u0259kk olunmu\u015f \u0130slam x\u0259ttatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u0259l n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri, Bursa Ulu M\u0259scidini q\u0259dim \u0130slam x\u0259ttatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcmun\u0259sidir.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00fcst\u0259m Pa\u015fa M\u0259scidi (\u0130stanbul)<\/strong>

Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 memar Sinan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tikil\u0259n R\u00fcst\u0259m Pa\u015fa m\u0259scidi m\u0259scid Sultan I S\u00fcleyman\u0131n ba\u015f v\u0259ziri R\u00fcst\u0259m Pa\u015fa t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilib.
M\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b n\u0259bati v\u0259 h\u0259nd\u0259si nax\u0131\u015flarla g\u00f6z\u0259l \u0130znik ka\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 divar\u0131n h\u0259m daxili, h\u0259m d\u0259 xarici hiss\u0259l\u0259rini b\u0259z\u0259yir. M\u0259scidin nisb\u0259t\u0259n ki\u00e7ik olmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n inc\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin g\u00f6z\u0259lliyini ara\u015fd\u0131rmaq v\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259k daha asand\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259n yuxar\u0131da yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n m\u0259scid yoldan ke\u00e7\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 asan g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0259limiy\u0259 m\u0259scidi (\u018fdirn\u0259)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 memarl\u0131q s\u0259n\u0259tinin \u015fah \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 S\u0259limiy\u0259 m\u0259scididir. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259scidl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan S\u0259limiy\u0259 m\u0259scidinin m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m qurulu\u015fu t\u0259xmin\u0259n 28,500 m\u00b2 geni\u015f \u0259razid\u0259 t\u0259p\u0259nin \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259dir. \u018fdirn\u0259nin \u0259n h\u00fcnd\u00fcr n\u00f6qt\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n birind\u0259 in\u015fa edil\u0259n m\u0259scid \u018fdirn\u0259 Sultan\u0131 II S\u0259limin d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Memar Sinan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tikilib, m\u0259scidin n\u0259h\u0259ng ibad\u0259t salonunda 6,000 n\u0259f\u0259r namaz q\u0131la bil\u0259r. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mperatorlu\u011funun \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur memar\u0131 Memar Sinan S\u0259limiy\u0259 m\u0259scidini onun \u015fah \u0259s\u0259ri hesab edirdi. 
S\u0259limiy\u0259 m\u0259scidi 2011-ci ild\u0259 YUNESKO-nun D\u00fcnya \u0130rs Siyah\u0131s\u0131na daxil edilib.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muradiye M\u0259scidi (Manisa)<\/strong>

Manisada olan Muradiye M\u0259scidi d\u0259 \u00f6z g\u00f6z\u0259lliyi il\u0259 turistl\u0259ri heyran qoyan bir m\u0259sciddir. Sultan III Mehmet 1595-ci ild\u0259 Manisa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 Muradiy\u0259 m\u0259scidinin in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131r. Atas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 babas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sin\u0259 sadiq qalaraq, bu layih\u0259nin dizayn\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259\u015fhur memar Sinana h\u0259val\u0259 edilir. S\u00f6zs\u00fcz ki, memar Sinan\u0131n in\u015fa etdiyi b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259scidl\u0259r \u00f6z akustikas\u0131 v\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259lliyi il\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 sevilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni M\u0259scid (\u0130stanbul)<\/strong>

Yeni m\u0259scid Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 in\u015fa edil\u0259n bir s\u0259n\u0259t \u0259s\u0259ridir. M\u0259scidin tikintisi 1587-ci ild\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131r v\u0259 1665-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam edir. M\u0259scid ilk olaraq Valid\u0259 Sultan M\u0259scidi adlan\u0131r. Yeni M\u0259scidin n\u0259h\u0259ng bir kompleks kimi m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m qurulu\u015fu v\u0259 dizayn\u0131 t\u0259kc\u0259 dini m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r\u0259 xidm\u0259t etmir, h\u0259m d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259d\u0259ni \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 malikdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Divri\u011fi Ulu M\u0259scidi v\u0259 Dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fifas\u0131 (Divri\u011fi k\u0259ndi)<\/strong>

Bir t\u0259p\u0259d\u0259 ki\u00e7ik bir k\u0259ndin \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 oturan Divri\u011fi Ulu M\u0259scidi T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l m\u0259scid kompleksl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. YUNESKO-nun \u00dcmumd\u00fcnya \u0130rs Sayt\u0131 statusunu g\u00f6z\u0259l s\u0259n\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 qazan\u0131b. Bu tarixi, dini abid\u0259nin tikili\u015fi \u00e7ox q\u0259dim\u0259 gedib \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Tarixi faktlara g\u00f6r\u0259, Ulu cami (b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259scid) v\u0259 dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fifas\u0131 (x\u0259st\u0259xana) S\u0259lcuqlu-T\u00fcrk b\u0259ylikl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n in\u015fa edilib.

Divri\u011fi Ulu M\u0259scidinin \u0259n diqq\u0259t\u00e7\u0259k\u0259n x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti da\u015f qap\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00f6rd qap\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u00fc 14 metr\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131r v\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b h\u0259nd\u0259si nax\u0131\u015flar, n\u0259bati motivl\u0259r v\u0259 heyvan nax\u0131\u015flar\u0131 il\u0259 \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. \u0130slam memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarixind\u0259 parlaq memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259scid \u015fah \u0259s\u0259ridir. M\u0259scid\u0259 girdiyiniz zaman sizi ta\u011fl\u0131 da\u015f i\u015fl\u0259ri qar\u015f\u0131layacaq v\u0259 sakit dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fifas\u0131 daxili m\u0259kanlar q\u0259sd\u0259n b\u0259z\u0259ksiz burax\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, m\u0259scidl\u0259 dramatik bir kontrast yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcleymaniyy\u0259 m\u0259scidi (\u0130stanbul)<\/strong>

Memar Sinan\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha bir m\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259si olan S\u00fcleymaniyy\u0259 m\u0259scidi T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259scidl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. T\u0259xmin\u0259n 1550-1558-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Sultan S\u00fcleyman\u0131n \u0259mri il\u0259 tikilmi\u015f m\u0259scid b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259raziy\u0259 malikdir. \u0130bad\u0259t zal\u0131n\u0131n q\u00fcbb\u0259li geni\u015f daxili m\u0259kan\u0131 var. H\u0259r g\u00fcn bu m\u0259scidi minl\u0259rl\u0259 turist ziyar\u0259t edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sultanahmet M\u0259scidi (\u0130stanbul)<\/strong>

Mehmet A\u011fan\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fi il\u0259 in\u015fa edil\u0259n Sultanahmet M\u0259scidi, \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur m\u0259scidl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. M\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0259sl m\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259si olan m\u0259scid 1609-1616-c\u0131 ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda tikilmi\u015fdir. Alt\u0131 minar\u0259si olan bu m\u0259scidd\u0259 turistl\u0259rin \u0259n sevimli yerl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mahmud b\u0259y m\u0259scidi (Kasaba k\u0259ndi, Kastamonu)<\/strong>

T\u0259xmin\u0259n 1366-c\u0131 ild\u0259 tikilmi\u015f bu n\u0259fis m\u0259scid Kastamonu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259xmin\u0259n 17 km aral\u0131da Kasaban\u0131n ki\u00e7ik obas\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015fir v\u0259 bu m\u0259scid tarixi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259 v\u0259 dizayn\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 olduqca m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259mdir. \u00c7\u00fcnki bu m\u0259scid a\u011fac boyal\u0131 v\u0259 oyma il\u0259 \u015f\u0259kill\u0259ndirilmi\u015f bir s\u0259n\u0259t \u0259s\u0259ridir.
M\u0259scidin i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 taxta tavanlar, taxta s\u00fctunlar v\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259k v\u0259 h\u0259nd\u0259si nax\u0131\u015flarla b\u0259z\u0259dilmi\u015f taxta qalereya m\u00f6vcuddur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kocatepe M\u0259scidi (Ankara)<\/strong>

T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l m\u0259scidl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 s\u00f6zs\u00fcz ki, Ankarada yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Kocat\u0259p\u0259 m\u0259scididir. M\u0259scid 1967-1987-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda tikilib. Bu n\u0259h\u0259ng m\u0259scidi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin ist\u0259nil\u0259n yerind\u0259n g\u00f6rm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Daha bir maraql\u0131 m\u0259qam is\u0259 m\u0259scidi in\u015fa ed\u0259n memarlar\u0131n Memar Sinan\u0131n s\u0259n\u0259t \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n ilhamlanmas\u0131d\u0131r.

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